In January 2024, Royal Caribbean introduced the world’s biggest cruise ship, Icon of the Seas. Years of planning, designing, and constructing finally came to fruition when Icon of the Seas sailed on her inaugural itinerary from Miami, Florida. It won’t be long until her sister ship, Star of the Seas, debuts later this year.
While Icon of the Seas made huge waves in the cruise industry in 2024, she was met with plenty of pomp and circumstance. Few modern cruise ships have garnered as much attention as Icon did.
However, Icon of the Seas was in the works long before her inaugural sailing. The cruise line said more than seven years of dreaming are behind the inception of its newest ship class. In October 2016, Royal Caribbean and the Meyer Turku shipyard announced the order of a brand-new ship class under the project name “Icon.”
The cruise line also registered a trademark for the name “Icon of the Seas” that same year. The cruise line announced the order of a third Icon class ship in 2019, which we know now will be named Legend of the Seas.
The first steel for Icon of the Seas was cut in June 2021, and construction took place over 900 days in Turku, Finland - or approximately 2.5 years of construction. The ship was delivered to Royal Caribbean in November 2023 before setting sail on her inaugural voyage on January 27, 2024.
As the world’s biggest cruise ship, you can imagine the cost to build Icon of the Seas isn’t cheap. In short, the construction of Icon of the Seas cost an estimated $2 billion USD to build. This makes it one of the most expensive ships ever constructed!
For comparison, Royal Caribbean spent an estimated $1.4 billion USB to build Allure of the Seas, while Celebrity Cruises spent $900 million on Celebrity Beyond. Similarly, Carnival Celebration cost around $1 billion, and Norwegian Cruise Line paid around $850 million for Norwegian Prima.
Royal Caribbean’s investment in the Icon class was monumental. The massive investment reflects the cruise line’s bold vision for Icon of the Seas, including her cutting-edge design and state-of-the-art amenities. Not to mention, the sheer size of the ship clocks in at 250,800 gross tons!
Here’s a deeper look at the design and construction of one of the most groundbreaking cruise ships ever built.
Design and Project Initiative for Icon of the Seas
When Royal Caribbean began designing Icon of the Seas, the cruise line wanted to make history. Between Royal Caribbean’s in-house teams and trusted partners in supply chain, the cruise line was determined to push boundaries with Icon of the Seas.
As a new ship class, Royal Caribbean had a complex journey for the first vessel in its Icon class. The new vessel needed to be the first of its kind, incorporating new elements of innovation that other cruise lines had yet to attempt. Royal Caribbean utilizes an in-house design lab for research, which incorporates virtual reality into the design element.
For instance, the new ship design aimed to incorporate more ocean views, allowing passengers to see the sea while cruising aboard the massive ship.
The cruise line envisioned expansive, multi-deck glass windows to highlight the sea. However, this required reengineering the ship’s structural support to accommodate the weight distribution.
This is how the Pearl - a standout feature in the Royal Promenade - came to life. The steel sphere is at the ship’s center and replaces the bulky port and starboard support beams.
Jay Schneider, the chief product innovation officer for Royal Caribbean Group, states how the Pearl has three different purposes. He explained, “To pull off the full glass façade, that superstructure pressure had to go somewhere. So the Pearl really does three jobs.”
“Yes, it’s an arrival moment. Yes, we think it’s going to be an amazing, awe-inspiring experience for people. And the heavy beams for the superstructure of the ship essentially run through the Pearl. And the Pearl takes on the weight at this point of the ship,” continued Schneider.
However, the purpose of the Pearl is supporting the stress of the ship: “Everybody else creates the same old cruise ships that follow the normal structure.”
Royal Caribbean collaborated with many esteemed design firms to create Icon of the Seas, such as Wilson Butler Architects, 3Deluxe, RTKL, and Skylab Architecture. This includes the intricate deck layouts and integration of technological amenities. Other redesigned spaces on the new ship class included the addition of the AquaDome, Absolute Zero ice-skating arena, and a reimagined Royal Promenade.
Additionally, Royal Caribbean needed to incorporate new technologies aboard Icon of the Seas
With more ships on order, Royal Caribbean needed to act quickly for developmental solutions. However, this isn’t always a smooth process. Testing new technologies that work on land to operate efficiently and properly at sea is a long process. The cruise line is also heavily focused on sustainability.
Royal Caribbean stated in April 2023, “From large-scale systems, including the first waste-to-energy system at sea, to the smallest details like LED lightbulbs, every program and application will play a part in making the world’s best vacation the most sustainable Royal Caribbean International ship yet.”
In particular, the Icon class ships would incorporate new liquified natural gas (LNG) fuel technology to power the ship. Royal Caribbean says the ship has six multi-fuel Wärtsilä engines, which can be fueled by LNG and distillate fuel.
Read more: How much does a cruise ship cost to operate per day?
Icon of the Seas is Royal Caribbean’s first ship powered by LNG. This type of flexible fuel does not use any sulfur, which contributes to acid rain and air pollution, and operates with lower carbon emissions and reduced nitrogen oxides. The cruise line has also introduced the use of fuel cell technology, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
"We believe fuel cells offer very interesting design possibilities," said Harri Kulovaara, Royal Caribbean’s Chief of Ship Design in a 2016 press release.
"As the technology becomes smaller and more efficient, fuel cells become more viable in a significant way to power the ship's hotel functions. We will begin testing those possibilities as soon as we can, and look to maximize their use when Icon class debuts,” explained Kulovaara.
When the Icon class was first announced, Royal Caribbean had already been eyeing the use of fuel cells for more than one decade. The cruise line felt the technology was in a stage of development to justify the investment, banking on future regulatory standards that needed to be developed for the technology to be utilized.
Kulovaara said at the time, ”There is a long lead time for Icon class, and we will use that time to work with Meyer Turku to adapt fuel cell technology for maritime use." Kulovaara said that additional regulatory standards would also need to be developed for the technology.
With Royal Caribbean’s commitment to sustainability, the cruise line needed to invest heavily in LNG technology for Icon class ships. The cruise line states that Icon of the Seas is 24% more energy efficient than required by international regulations. In fact, the cruise line is continuing to push towards its ambitious goal of introducing a net-zero ship by 2035.
Constructing Icon Class ships requires a significant workforce and substantial material expenses
A substantial part of Royal Caribbean’s investment went into the extensive labor required to build the Icon class ships. As mentioned, the construction for Icon of the Seas spanned over the course of 2.5 years.
The labor cost to actually build a cruise ship is always substantial, but even more so when you’re building a ship as large as Icon of the Seas. Hundreds of millions of dollars were likely poured into labor costs for building Icon of the Seas.
The entire construction process took place in the Meyer Turku shipyard in Finland, which has built many of Royal Caribbean’s other ships. Ships are built in blocks and assembled together like Legos. Thousands of workers were required to construct the new massive vessel, which took place almost entirely at the Meyer Turku shipyard.
The process of building Icon of the Seas was long and grueling, taking around 900 days for the ship to be built. For instance, the cruise line shared footage of the AquaDome being placed on the ship. At the time, the cruise line said the “unnamed, 175-metric-ton sphere” took four days of preparation and a day-long transfer by barge before being lifted onto the ship.
Many of the employees worked tirelessly around the clock to ensure the project was completed on time. Royal Caribbean stated that nearly 3,000 people were working every day for the construction of the new ship.
Read more: Royal Caribbean unveils changes to make Star of the Seas even better than Icon of the Seas
Examples of labor necessary included engineers, designers, safety officers, welders, electricians, and more to contribute to the construction of Royal Caribbean’s latest ship. Not to mention, Royal Caribbean dealt with the logistical nightmare of constructing its new ship during the pandemic throughout 2020 and 2021.
In November 2023, Royal Caribbean stated, “Thousands involved have since accomplished a series of milestones and never-before-seen feats, like the installation of the single largest glass and steel structure to be lifted onto a cruise ship and engineering more water on board than ever before across seven pools, six record-breaking waterslides and more.”
Materials are also expensive for building a ship, especially with rising costs in recent years.
With a ship as large as Icon of the Seas, there was a significant cost of materials for the cruise line. The shipyard partnered with Metalcolour Group to supply over 250,000 square meters of laminated steel for the construction of the ship. This included materials for wall panels, ceilings, doors, and wet units aboard the ship.
Other necessary materials included components of the six LNG-powered engines, the ship’s interior design, necessary furniture, stateroom amenities, and more. Unfortunately, a small fire broke out at the shipyard in February 2023 aboard Icon of the Seas that also damaged some materials.
Icon of the Seas is home to many different state-of-the-art amenities, which are costly
Just like building a house, outfitting a cruise ship requires an investment in furnishings, amenities, and décor to create a welcoming and immersive environment.
Given the immense size of Icon of the Seas, it’s no surprise that Royal Caribbean likely allocated a significant budget to equip the ship with high-end features and amenities.
Icon of the Seas offers unparalleled luxury with her eight distinct neighborhoods, including the innovative AquaDome. This is the first of its kind, acting as a multifunctional space encased in a striking glass and steel dome.
The Icon class is also packed with state-of-the-art amenities and exhilarating attractions. Each of these required substantial financial investment to bring Royal Caribbean’s vision to life. However, Royal Caribbean knew these enticing features of the ship would help increase demand for the new vessel.
For example, take a look at the ship’s impressive top deck. This is home to Category 6, the largest waterpark at sea and a first for Royal Caribbean. Designing, testing, and constructing such a groundbreaking feature was undoubtedly a costly endeavor, as it set a new industry benchmark.
Beyond the waterpark, Icon of the Seas also introduces several first-of-their-kind experiences, including the world’s first suspended infinity pool, the Crown’s Edge skywalk and obstacle course, and the ever-popular FlowRider surf simulator.
These cutting-edge additions highlight the cruise line’s commitment to innovation and delivering an unparalleled guest experience—an investment that undoubtedly comes with a hefty price tag.
Ultimately, Icon Class ships are some of the most expensive ships to build in the world!
Icon of the Seas is the largest cruise ship at sea, and Royal Caribbean’s massive investment has paid off. The cruise line has reported unprecedented demand for the new ship, with record-breaking bookings. Royal Caribbean invested an immense amount of resources, including time and money, to design Icon of the Seas.
The success cannot be understated. Royal Caribbean Group reported exceptional financial results in the third quarter of 2024, with total revenue reaching $4.9 billion and a net income of $1.1 billion. The cruise line attributes part of this financial success to the deployment of Icon of the Seas, which has been a key factor in the cruise line’s sky-high demand.
The Icon class has set new benchmarks in the cruise industry, and the sister ships of Icon of the Seas are likely to be just as successful - and expensive - for the cruise line.